A healthy nail should look good - to be smooth and uniform.Its color should be beige or slightly pink due to the presence of blood vessels under it.When the defects appear, the nail may lose the normal color, get dark or painted in a different color.When the thickness changes, the nails are messy and seem sloppy.In some diseases, nail plates can be deformed until their disappearance.
Development malformations can be congenital and acquired.In the first case, this is due to damage to the Porester Ectoderm-Fábrica of the nail.It seems to deformation of the nail or its absence immediately after the birth of a child.
Acquired addictions can develop for various reasons.The most common problem is a fungus, which in one way or another is present in all third people.The fungus can be not only external, in which only the plate is affected, but also by the internal - the finger fabric can be affected with its subsequent destruction.
In addition, these diseases can lead to step deformation -step:
- Psoriasis - With this pathology, the thickness of nails changes.It becomes denser than normal and unpleasant to the touch.In addition, pain develops - in palpation, discomfort is felt.Multi -Color points develop under the plate - from red to purple - this indicates a bleeding.When the infection is united, suppuration with bruises under the nail can be observed.Local skin detachments can be observed - cavities form in these places that give their hands a messy appearance.The additional development of the disease can lead to onicolisis.
- Eczema is often accompanied not only by local defeat, but also by widespread.That is, in addition to damage to plates, skin symptoms can also be observed.Eczema is manifested by changes in the nail roll and the plate directly.Finger tissues are swollen, peeling can develop.The affected surface itching and hurts.At the same time, the nail becomes monotonous and pale, its stratification or fragility is possible.
In addition to these reasons, deformation can be caused by a fungal nail plate infection.
The fungus is a disease that, with a careless attitude, can lead to a complete destruction of the dish.In the early stages, this is manifested only by a change of color and thickening, in the end, defeat leads to the loss of the nail plate.
Signs of infection by a fungus
When onychomycosis infection, there is no pain and intensive disability - so people often prefer not to realize.In addition, the fungus at its early stage is not manifested by changes expressed on the nail plate and is difficult to distinguish.
First of all, the itching of the feet skin appears.It is intense and can be distracted from work or rest.It is caused by the propagation of microorganisms in the dermis, which is perceived by the body as irritation.With constant itching, a person can be disturbed by sleep and appetite.When scouring the skin, it is likely to bring bacteria to the microcrack, so the attachment of a secondary infection will develop.
If treatment measures are not taken, organic changes occur in nails and tissues.The plate is muddy and opaque, spots and stripes develop in it, which can lighten and dark - depends on the pathogen.
A change in shadow indicates that the fungus of yeast completely captures the plate fabric.Often the color becomes yellow, but brown and white can also occur.
Fragility and fragility of nails also indicate the fungal process.At the same time, nails are divided, they become messy.Because of this, painful tickets or defrosting the nail from your bed may occur in the event of an injury.
If all these symptoms appear or at least one of them, you should consult a doctor about treatment - without it, the disease can enter a chronic form.
Infection development stages
Unlike many pathologies, nail fungus is a slow -developing disease.It is characterized by a gradual flow that is difficult to lose.Fungus therapy is effective at an early stage;Therefore, the sooner the help is provided, the better.
The early stage usually does not manifest visually.Therefore, it is impossible to show how the nail fungus on the legs in the photo in the early stage looks.But the first symptoms already appear at this time.An anxious bell over the fungus is the intense itching of the skin, which intensifies throughout the day and reaches the greatest intensity at night.The only sign that may be subject to the idea of a fungal infection is the appearance of a pathological color of the nail, it manifests itself by the development of pale yellow spots and stripes to a white shadow.There may be dark areas.
The stage of the Normotrophic lesion manifests itself by moderate symptoms.This is evidenced by the fact that the nail has not yet been thickened and the pronounced deformation is not observed in it.However, spots and stripes become extremely distinct and visible to others.Also, an unpleasant smell that comes from the feet comes together.If you do not start treatment, the disease will inevitably go to the last stage.
With hypertrophic lesion, a thickening not only of the plate is observed, but also of the surrounding tissues.This is manifested by nail deformation, can change the direction of growth, collapse and break even a slight effect on it.As a result, nail can be reduced, instead of a severe course of the disease, the new plate does not grow.
In the presence of concomitant pathology, the transition from the first stage to launch occurs extremely quickly, in just a few weeks.This can happen due to the presence of immunodeficiency, cancer and weakness of the body, which develops in old age.
Injections in adults also cause the development of the disease.This can be direct damage to the nail, as well as surrounding tissues, when, due to the insufficiency of blood circulation, the metabolism of nail exchange.At this time, the ideal conditions are created for a fungus.
With obesity and diabetes mellitus, nail fungus on the legs develops in 95 cases in 100. This is due to the fact that fungal microorganisms receive many necessary for substance growth and reproduction - eg glucose and lipids.Therefore, in these patients, the pathology is extremely difficult.
Nail fungus when infected with dermatophytes
Dermatophytes are the most common cause of pathology.Infect them is quite simple - through ordinary towels, showers or even internal slippers.
This type of fungus has two dangerous representatives that can also cause fungal lesions - this is Trichophyton Rubrum and Trichophyton Mentagrophytes.
The first representative begins to penetrate under the nail plate of its free edge as it moves more.Signs of infection with this fungus - a change in nail color on the legs with pink the yellow with interleaved black, the texture of the plate deteriorates - becomes brittle and fragile, collapsing with physical exposure.
For an accurate diagnosis, you need to know what the nail fungus is like.The most characteristic feature is the appearance of a nail detachment near the lateral edge.In this space, there is the accumulation of dirt, which is favorable to the development of microorganisms.During this period, it is still possible to get rid of the fungus without nail loss, only using parallel ointments and creams with antifungal pills.
There is such a distal form of disease, which manifests itself by the beginning of nail bed injury.This form is much less common because, to penetrate there, the microorganism is necessary for the entrance gate - a microcracy or other damage.This situation is not uncommon after an injury.With this option, it is necessary to completely remove the nail plate, as any conservative treatment will be ineffective.
If the cause of the fungus is Trichophyton Mentagrophytes, the signs of the disease will be as follows:
- Thickening - There will be significant hypertrophy of the plate with the presence of fabric deformations and defects;
- The color of the plate becomes intensely yellow, with a honey tone;
- An abscess on a finger near the nail appears;
- In the late stage, skin injury is observed - in interdigital gaps, peeling and skin cracks;
- The appearance of white strips and spots develops - these are the places where the fungus parasitizes most intensely;
- In hand, this kind of pathogens never parasitizes.
To get rid of this fungus, it is necessary to undergo the correct comprehensive treatment with oral medicines and local remedies - gels and ointments.
In severe cases, it may be necessary to remove nail and laser cleaning to remove microorganisms.This method has many positive criticism.It is forbidden to use varnish.
Nail changes when infected with a fungus of the genre
This disease is characterized by damage not only to limb tissues, but also to location in the brush.The main hand is most often affected, for example, the right hand is the right hand.From frequent contact with water, the disease progresses faster.
A feature of this disease is damage to the cashier.Over time, more fabrics are captured - first the cell division zone and then the free edge.
With this disease, more often than the rest, a secondary infection occurs.Candidiasis is accompanied by rolling and bed pain, in palpation it is possible to secrete a serous or purulent discharge.
The nail is gradually deformed and rises above the skin, its thickness can reach several millimeters.At the same time, the nail becomes similar to the wave, which manifests itself by the presence of the vieiras who can follow different directions.However, with candidiasis, the most common form of nail damage is precisely the horizontal climate.
In severe pathology, the nail is gradually separated from the nail bed, this is accompanied by discomfort and pain.In case of accidental trauma of such a nail, it is possible, accompanied by significant bleeding.The wound surface in this case is delayed for a long time.
If the fungus affects the free edge of the nail, this is often combined with a skin or widespread shape.It is called distal.This variant of the course of the disease goes more and is more difficult to treat.The distal form indicates that human immunity is weakened and affected by microorganisms.
Candidiasis treatment differs in different forms and stages of the disease.At first, you can try to influence microorganism with the help of local means, but with a widespread or rapidly progressive form, you need to take systemic oral medications.In addition, if there are signs of extensive fungus damage, a complete medical examination for the search for diseases that reduced the level of immunity is required.
Nail changes with the damage molds
The defeat with mold mushrooms is less common than the rest of the pathogens.This is due to the fact that a person is not in contact with this type of microorganism due to its specificity.Most of the time, these mushrooms are infected at the bottom of an existing lesion.The most favorite colony, which the mold joins, is Trichophyton Mentagrophytes.In this context, you can see the combined effects of mushrooms and bacteria.
This disease is characteristic of elderly.During this period, there is a decrease in cellular immunity and the weakening of the body, due to which mushrooms develop more intensely.
One feature of these pathogens is their selectivity.They do not affect the skin and soft tissues, located exclusively on the nails.
Among the causative agents, most types are most found:
- Alternaria - This fungus determines the development of nail deformation and hyperkeratosis.To recover from this disease, it is necessary to remove the nail plate, since the microorganisms are extremely deep in the tissue and it is quite difficult to eliminate them.
- Scytalidium dimidiatum - Most of the time, these microorganisms appear in patients with diabetes.To get rid of a fungus, it is necessary to carefully monitor the blood glucose level and be observed in parallel with the endocrinologist.
- Scopularopsis Brevicaulis is most often found in public places, for example, in baths, swimming pools, showers.When it is located on nail plates, there is a change in pink to white.
- Fusarium is common in rural areas, it is very on the floor, which can easily change to the fabric.This fungus, when penetrating the body, can cause mycosis of internal organs, which is very difficult to treat.Therapy for such a terrible disease should be performed only at the hospital as treatment is severe enough for the patient.
Mold damage therapy is very complex as it is necessary to treat the body of various microorganism colonies.To produce high quality therapy, a combination of antibiotics and antifungal medications is used.In severe cases, they are not administered orally, but intravenously.